Microsoft explains why Windows 10 is crashing on Lenovo laptops

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In a support bulletin released this week, Microsoft states that the KB4568831 updates, and those that came later, restrict how processes can access certain regions of memory known as PCI Device Configuration Space.

If a process attempts to access a  PCI Device Configuration Space in an unsupported manner, it will cause Windows 10 to crash with a Stop error.
 
"Windows devices that receive the July 31, 2020—KB4568831 (OS Build 19041.423) Preview or later updates restrict how processes can access peripheral component interconnect (PCI) device configuration space if a Secure Devices (SDEV) ACPI table is present and Virtualization-based Security (VBS) is running. Processes that have to access PCI device configuration space must use officially supported mechanisms."
 
"The SDEV table defines secure hardware devices in ACPI. VBS is enabled on a system if security features that use virtualization are enabled. Some examples of these features are Hypervisor Code Integrity or Windows Defender Credential Guard."
 
"The new restrictions are designed to prevent malicious processes from modifying the configuration space of secure devices. Device drivers or other system processes must not try to manipulate the configuration space of any PCI devices, except by using the Microsoft-provided bus interfaces or IRPs. If a process tries to access PCI configuration space in an unsupported manner (such as by parsing MCFG table and mapping configuration space to virtual memory), Windows denies access to the process and generates a Stop error," Microsoft explains in a support bulletin.

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